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Haugnting of the Blue Ridge Tunnel

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Haugnting of the Blue Ridge Tunnel   East portal entrance Built in the 1850s under the direction of a French immigrant, Claudius Crozet (1789 – 1864), using majority Irish folk (300) and African American people (40ish). Crozet was both the designer and the chief engineer on the project. He never expected the tunnel to take as long as it did to complete. Claudius had originally expected the tunnel to be complete by 1853, but nature had other plans.  Claudius Crozet Due to massive hard rock and greenstone on the east side of the tunnel, it was a tough endeavor.. The rock was so unforgiving that drills had to be sharpened 18-20 times for every 18-inch deep hole that was drilled. To some, this may not seem like a huge deal, but to put that into perspective: while the Baltimore and Ohio Railway was advancing at a pace of 300 feet per month, the Blue Ridge Tunnel managed an average of only 53 feet per month. Some accounts put it as low as 19 feet per month. Just inside a bit o...
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What is Witchcraft

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 What is witchcraft? This is a question that I get asked quite often, so today, I am tackling answering that question. The idea of magic, sorcery, and witchcraft existed throughout history under a number of different terms. The term witchcraft itself is from the Middle Ages, so not that old in the grand scheme of things. The use of this "power" was used long before the takeover by the church. Look at the old myths from any culture, and they will have some sort of use of witchcraft. From Athena's curse upon mudusa to Ea (Enki) of Sumarien myths. He is said to have been the one to grant humans the gift of magic and all in between. We see so many examples of magic, the supernatural, and WITCHCRAFT .    "Witches" or better yet what they would have been called in the old days "healer, spiritual leaders, protectors, midwives, herbalist" had a prominent role in most societies. Magic was an excepted part of life. The God Enki was viewed as patrons of magic and...
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